Enterprise Library2.0(1):Data Access Application Block学习
2006-03-14 18:08:00
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Data Access Application Block提供了通用的数据访问的功能,随着2.0版本的推出有了很大变化。
一.改进
在DAAB1.1里面我们知道Database方法返回或者创建一个DBCommandWrapper对象,而在DAAB2.0里面移除了DBCommandWrapper类,用ADO.NET2.0里面的DBCommand类代替实现类似的功能,这样使得DAAB跟我们的.NET类库的结合更加紧密,回忆一下我们在1.1里面用DBCommandWrapper来访问数据时的代码:
Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();![]() DBCommandWrapper dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommandWrapper("GetProductsByCategory");![]() dbCommand.AddInParameter("CategoryID", DbType.Int32, Category);![]() DataSet productDataSet = db.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand);而用了新的DBCommand类之后则变成了:
Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();![]() DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("GetProductsByCategory"); ![]() db.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "CategoryID", DbType.Int32, Category);![]() DataSet productDataSet = db.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand);数据库连接字符串在我们基于数据库的开发永远是少不了的,但是在DAAB1.1下,它所使用的字符串跟我们在.NET类库中使用的连接字符串却是不能共享的,它们分别保存在不同的位置。而在2.0的Data Access Application Block使用了ADO.NET2.0里面<connectionStrings>配置区,这样带来的一个好处是连接字符串可以在Application Block和自定义的.NET类之间共享使用该配置区,如:
<connectionStrings> <add name="DataAccessQuickStart" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" connectionString="server=(local)\SQLEXPRESS;database=EntLibQuickStarts;Integrated Security=true" /> </connectionStrings>在.NET2.0下,泛型编程已经成为了一个核心,而2.0版的DAAB中也新增了一个GenericDatabase对象。DAAB中虽然已经包含了SqlDatabase和OrcaleDatabase,但是如果我们需要使用其他的像DB2等数据库时,就需要用到GenericDatabase,它可以用于任何.NET类库中的数据提供者,包括OdbcProvider和OleDbProvider。
二.使用示例
DAAB2.0的配置非常简单,主要有以下几方面的配置:
配置连接字符串
配置默认数据库 添加相关的命名空间: using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Data; using System.Data;使用Data Access Application Block进行数据的读取和操作,一般分为三步:
1.创建Database对象
2.提供命令参数,如果需要的话
3.执行命令
下面分别看一下DataAccessQuickStart中提供的一些例子:
执行静态的SQL语句
public string GetCustomerList() { // 创建Database对象 Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase(); // 使用SQL语句创建DbCommand对象 string sqlCommand = "Select CustomerID, Name, Address, City, Country, PostalCode " + "From Customers"; DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand);![]() StringBuilder readerData = new StringBuilder();![]() // 调用ExecuteReader方法 using (IDataReader dataReader = db.ExecuteReader(dbCommand)) { while (dataReader.Read()) { // Get the value of the 'Name' column in the DataReader readerData.Append(dataReader["Name"]); readerData.Append(Environment.NewLine); } }![]() return readerData.ToString(); }执行存储过程并传递参数,返回DataSet
public DataSet GetProductsInCategory(int Category) { // Create the Database object, using the default database service. The // default database service is determined through configuration. Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();![]() string sqlCommand = "GetProductsByCategory"; DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);![]() // Retrieve products from the specified category. db.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "CategoryID", DbType.Int32, Category);![]() // DataSet that will hold the returned results DataSet productsDataSet = null;![]() productsDataSet = db.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand);![]() // Note: connection was closed by ExecuteDataSet method call ![]() return productsDataSet; }利用DataSet更新数据
public int UpdateProducts() { // Create the Database object, using the default database service. The // default database service is determined through configuration. Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();![]() DataSet productsDataSet = new DataSet();![]() string sqlCommand = "Select ProductID, ProductName, CategoryID, UnitPrice, LastUpdate " + "From Products"; DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand);![]() string productsTable = "Products";![]() // Retrieve the initial data db.LoadDataSet(dbCommand, productsDataSet, productsTable);![]() // Get the table that will be modified DataTable table = productsDataSet.Tables[productsTable];![]() // Add a new product to existing DataSet DataRow addedRow = table.Rows.Add(new object[] {DBNull.Value, "New product", 11, 25});![]() // Modify an existing product table.Rows[0]["ProductName"] = "Modified product";![]() // Establish our Insert, Delete, and Update commands DbCommand insertCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("AddProduct"); db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "ProductName", DbType.String, "ProductName", DataRowVersion.Current); db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "CategoryID", DbType.Int32, "CategoryID", DataRowVersion.Current); db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "UnitPrice", DbType.Currency, "UnitPrice", DataRowVersion.Current);![]() DbCommand deleteCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("DeleteProduct"); db.AddInParameter(deleteCommand, "ProductID", DbType.Int32, "ProductID", DataRowVersion.Current);![]() DbCommand updateCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("UpdateProduct"); db.AddInParameter(updateCommand, "ProductID", DbType.Int32, "ProductID", DataRowVersion.Current); db.AddInParameter(updateCommand, "ProductName", DbType.String, "ProductName", DataRowVersion.Current); db.AddInParameter(updateCommand, "LastUpdate", DbType.DateTime, "LastUpdate", DataRowVersion.Current);![]() // Submit the DataSet, capturing the number of rows that were affected int rowsAffected = db.UpdateDataSet(productsDataSet, "Products", insertCommand, updateCommand, deleteCommand, UpdateBehavior.Standard);![]() return rowsAffected;![]() }通过ID获取记录详细信息
public string GetProductDetails(int productID) { // Create the Database object, using the default database service. The // default database service is determined through configuration. Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();![]() string sqlCommand = "GetProductDetails"; DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);![]() // Add paramters // Input parameters can specify the input value db.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "ProductID", DbType.Int32, productID); // Output parameters specify the size of the return data db.AddOutParameter(dbCommand, "ProductName", DbType.String, 50); db.AddOutParameter(dbCommand, "UnitPrice", DbType.Currency, 8);![]() db.ExecuteNonQuery(dbCommand);![]() // Row of data is captured via output parameters string results = string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, "{0}, {1}, {2:C} ", db.GetParameterValue(dbCommand, "ProductID"), db.GetParameterValue(dbCommand, "ProductName"), db.GetParameterValue(dbCommand, "UnitPrice"));![]() return results; }以XML格式返回数据
public string GetProductList() { // Use a named database instance that refers to a SQL Server database. SqlDatabase dbSQL = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase() as SqlDatabase;![]() // Use "FOR XML AUTO" to have SQL return XML data string sqlCommand = "Select ProductID, ProductName, CategoryID, UnitPrice, LastUpdate " + "From Products FOR XML AUTO"; DbCommand dbCommand = dbSQL.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand);![]() XmlReader productsReader = null; StringBuilder productList = new StringBuilder();![]() try { productsReader = dbSQL.ExecuteXmlReader(dbCommand);![]() // Iterate through the XmlReader and put the data into our results. while (!productsReader.EOF) { if (productsReader.IsStartElement()) { productList.Append(productsReader.ReadOuterXml()); productList.Append(Environment.NewLine); } } } finally { // Close the Reader. if (productsReader != null) { productsReader.Close(); } // Explicitly close the connection. The connection is not closed // when the XmlReader is closed. if (dbCommand.Connection != null) { dbCommand.Connection.Close(); } }![]() return productList.ToString(); }使用事务
public bool Transfer(int transactionAmount, int sourceAccount, int destinationAccount) { bool result = false; // Create the Database object, using the default database service. The // default database service is determined through configuration. Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();![]() // Two operations, one to credit an account, and one to debit another // account. string sqlCommand = "CreditAccount"; DbCommand creditCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);![]() db.AddInParameter(creditCommand, "AccountID", DbType.Int32, sourceAccount); db.AddInParameter(creditCommand, "Amount", DbType.Int32, transactionAmount);![]() sqlCommand = "DebitAccount"; DbCommand debitCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);![]() db.AddInParameter(debitCommand, "AccountID", DbType.Int32, destinationAccount); db.AddInParameter(debitCommand, "Amount", DbType.Int32, transactionAmount);![]() using (DbConnection connection = db.CreateConnection()) { connection.Open(); DbTransaction transaction = connection.BeginTransaction();![]() try { // Credit the first account db.ExecuteNonQuery(creditCommand, transaction); // Debit the second account db.ExecuteNonQuery(debitCommand, transaction);![]() // Commit the transaction transaction.Commit(); result = true; } catch { // Rollback transaction transaction.Rollback(); } connection.Close(); return result; } }三.常见功能
1.创建Database对象
创建一个默认的Database对象
Database dbSvc = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();默认的数据库在配置文件中:
<dataConfiguration defaultDatabase="DataAccessQuickStart" />创建一个实例Database对象
// Use a named database instance that refers to an arbitrary database type, // which is determined by configuration information. Database myDb = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase("DataAccessQuickStart");创建一个具体的类型的数据库对象
// Create a SQL database. SqlDatabase dbSQL = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase("DataAccessQuickStart") as SqlDatabase;2.创建DbCommand对象
静态的SQL语句创建一个DbCommand
Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase(); string sqlCommand = "Select CustomerID, LastName, FirstName From Customers"; DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand);存储过程创建一个DbCommand
Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase(); DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("GetProductsByCategory");3.管理对象
当连接对象打开后,不需要再次连接
Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase(); string sqlCommand = "Select ProductID, ProductName From Products"; DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand); // No need to open the connection; just make the call. DataSet customerDataSet = db.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand);使用Using及早释放对象
Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase(); DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand("Select Name, Address From Customers"); using (IDataReader dataReader = db.ExecuteReader(dbCommand)) { // Process results }4.参数处理
Database类提供了如下的方法,用于参数的处理:
AddParameter. 传递参数给存储过程 AddInParameter. 传递输入参数给存储过程 AddOutParameter. 传递输出参数给存储过程 GetParameterValue. 得到指定参数的值 SetParameterValue. |




配置默认数据库
添加相关的命名空间:





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